Resource List

This compilation contains selected materials that refer to the Diagnostic Drawing Series (DDS).  Items have been excluded if they are duplicates; for example, a professionally recorded cassette tape appears on the list only if the material is not available elsewhere.  Published works that focus primarily on the DDS are indicated by the first word of the reference being in BOLD CAPS.  In the interest of simplicity and clarity, entries diverge as necessary from one single bibliographic style.

Alyamy, A. M. S.  (1995).  The effect of graphic reenactment art therapy on three hospitalized psychiatric patients in Saudi Arabia.  Thesis (Art Education) leading to a Ph.D. in The Graduate School of Visual Arts, The Pennsylvania State University. 

Al-Yami, A. S.  (2008).  Art Therapy:  Its history, concept, theories, and applications [Arabic]. Riyadh, Saudi Arabia:  King Saud University Press.

Anderson, J.  (1997).  Tree drawings as isomorphic representations of disturbance in female body image.  Poster session on DDS trees and eating disorders, American Art Therapy Association, Milwaukee, WI. 

Benjamin, L. T., Hopkins, J. R., & Nation, J. R.  (1987).  Psychology.  Macmillan, p. 447.

Berliner, J. J.  (1998).  The Diagnostic Drawing Series as a tool to aid in treatment plan development.  Paper prepared for the Graduate Program in Art Therapy, The George Washington University.

Betts, D. J.  (2005).  A systematic analysis of art therapy assessment and rating instrument literature.  Dissertation, Department of Art Education, School of Visual Arts and Dance, The Florida State University. 

Billingsley, G. (1999).  The efficacy of the Diagnostic Drawing Series with substance related disordered clients (outpatient, art therapy).  Dissertation Abstracts International, 59, 10B.  (University Microfilms).

Bowyer, K. A.  (1995).  Research using the Diagnostic Drawing Series and the PPAT with an elderly population.  Paper prepared for the Graduate Program in Art Therapy, The George Washington University. 

Brooke, S. L.  (1996).  A therapist's guide to art therapy assessments.  Springfield:  Charles C Thomas.

Brown, K. E.  (1995).  Comparison of color use in drawings by psychiatric patients diagnosed with mood disorder.  Paper prepared for the Graduate Program in Art Therapy, The George Washington University. 

Brudenell, T. J.  (1989).  Art representations as functions of depressive state longitudinal studies in chronic childhood and adolescent depression.  Unpublished master's thesis, College of Notre Dame, California.

Burt, H.  (1996).  Beyond practice:  A postmodern feminist perspective on art therapy research.  Art Therapy, 13(1), 12-19.  See also:  Mills, A.  (1997).  Commentary (regarding this article).  Art Therapy, 14(1), 5-7; and Ms. Burt's response in the same issue, p. 7. 

Coffey, T. M.  (1997).  The use of the Diagnostic Drawing Series with an adolescent population.  Unpublished manuscript.

Cohen, B. M. (Ed.).  (1985).  The Diagnostic Drawing Series Handbook.  (Available from Barry M. Cohen, P.O. Box 9853, Alexandria, Virginia, USA  22304).

Cohen, B. M.  (Ed.).  (1985).  DDS Newsletter.

Cohen, B. M.  (Ed.).  (1985).  DDS Newsletter, 1(2).

Cohen, B. M.  (Ed.).  (1986).  DDS Newsletter, 1(3).

Mills, A., & Cohen, B. M.  (Eds.).  (1993).  DDS Newsletter, 3(1).

Mills, A., & Cohen, B. M.  (Eds.).  (1997).  DDS Newsletter, 4(1).  (Available from B. M. Cohen, P.O. Box 9853, Alexandria, VA  22304).

Cohen, B. M. (Ed.).  (1986/1994).  The Diagnostic Drawing Series Rating Guide.  (Available from Barry M. Cohen, P.O. Box 9853, Alexandria, Virginia, USA  22304).

COHEN, B. M.  (1986).  Een nieuwe tekentest [A new diagnostic test - Dutch]. Psychologie, Amsterdam, April.

Cohen, B. M.  (Speaker).  (1989).  The Diagnostic Drawing Series in the integration process of multiple personality disorder (Cassette No. B291-43).  Garden Grove, CA:  Infomedix.

COHEN, B. M.  (1990).  Diagnostic Drawing Series.  In I. Jakab, (Ed.), Stress management through art:  Proceedings of the International Congress of Psychopathology of Expression.  (pp. 123-130).  Boston:  American Society for the Psychopathology of Expression. 

Cohen, B. M., & Anonymous.  (1987).  Wiz.  Unpublished computer program.

Cohen, B. M., Alberts, L. A., Cheyne-King, S., Tripp, T., & Mills, A.  (Speakers).  (1986).  The Diagnostic Drawing Series:  Research update.  (Cassette Recording No. S303-6).  Garden Grove, CA:  Infomedix.

Cohen, B. M., Cox, C. T., Mills, A., & Sobol, B.  (Speakers).  (1990).  Art by abuse survivors:  A lifecycle (Cassette No. 569-05-90).  Alexandria, VA: Audio Transcripts.

 COHEN, B. M., Hammer, J. S., & Singer, S.  (1988).  The Diagnostic Drawing Series:  A systematic approach to art therapy evaluation and research.  The Arts in Psychotherapy, l5(1), 11-21.

COHEN, B. M., Mills, A., & Kijak, A. K.  (1994).  An introduction to the Diagnostic Drawing Series:  A standardized tool for diagnostic and clinical use.  Art Therapy, 11 (2), pp. 105-110.

COHEN, B. M., & Mills, A.  (1999).  Skin/paper/bark:  Body image, trauma, and the Diagnostic Drawing Series.  In J. Goodwin & R. Attias (Eds.), Splintered reflections:  Images of the body in trauma (pp. 203-221).  New York: Basic Books. 

Cohen, B. M., & Mills, A.  (2000).  Report on the Diagnostic Drawing Series.  (Distributed during 2000 by The DDS Project, P. O. Box 9853, Alexandria, VA 22304).

Cohen, R., & Cohen, B. M.  (1991).  DDS Content Checklist.  Unpublished manuscript.

Couch, J. B.  (1992).  A study of the formal aspects and content of drawings from the Diagnostic Drawing Series of patients diagnosed with organic mental syndrome compared with elderly people with no apparent neurological dysfunction.  Paper prepared for the Graduate Program in Art Therapy, The George Washington University.

COUCH, J. B.  (1994).  Diagnostic Drawing Series:  Research with older people diagnosed with organic mental syndrome and disorders.  Art Therapy, 11(2), 111-115.

Cox, C. T. (Speaker).  (1989).  Analysis of color usage, in The Diagnostic Drawing Series:  Its use in clinical practice.  Unpublished paper presented as part of preconference course, American Art Therapy Association national conference.  Taught by B. M. Cohen, A. Mills, C. T. Cox, J. N. Creekmore, C. Leavitt, and Y. Yamashita.  San Francisco, CA.

Cox, C.T. (moderator), Agell, G., Cohen, B. M., & Gantt, L.  (Speakers).  (1998).  Are you assessing what I'm assessing?  Let's take a look (Cassette No. 47).  Denver, CO:  National Audio Video.

Cox, C.T. (moderator), Agell, G., Cohen, B. M., & Gantt, L.  (Speakers).  (1999).  Are you assessing what I'm assessing?  Let's take a look (Cassette No. 1551).  Denver, CO:  National Audio Video.

CREEKMORE, J.  (copyright 1989).  The Diagnostic Drawing Series Tree Scale.  In:  M.B. Morris, (1995).  The Diagnostic Drawing Series and the Tree Rating Scale:  An isomorphic representation of multiple personality disorder, major depression, and schizophrenia populations.  Art Therapy, 12(2), pp. 118-128.

Des Marais, S., & Barnes, M. M.  (1993).  PTSD DDSs.  Unpublished paper. 

Des Marais, S.  (1996).  (Speaker).  Working toward closure:  Art therapy with soldiers of the Gulf War (Cassette Recording No. 123).  Denver, CO:  National Audio Video, Inc.

Endler, E. J., & Huertas, V. M.  (1998).  (Speakers).  A treatment outcome study using the Diagnostic Drawing Series and the MMPI-A (Cassette Recording No. 37).  Denver, CO:  National Audio Video.

Feder, B., & Feder, E.  (1998).  The art and science of evaluation in the arts therapies:  How do you know what's working?  Springfield, IL:  Charles C Thomas.

Fowler, J.  (April, 2001).  De Diagnostic Drawing Series:  Een persoonlijke geschiedenis [The DDS:  A personal history].  Salrst [Newsletter for Dutch art therapists in private practice].

FOWLER, J.  (2001).  De Diagnostic Drawing Series:  Structurele kenmerken van tekeningen als diagnostisch instrument [The DDS:  Structural properties as an assessment instrument].  Tijdschrift voor Creatieve Therapie [Dutch Art Therapy journal], 3, 28-31. 

Fowler, J. P.  (2001).  The Diagnostic Drawing Series in the assessment of dissociative disorders in the Netherlands:  Implications for the development of a multi-dimensional model of art-based assessment.  Unpublished master's thesis, University of Leiden, Leiden, The Netherlands. 

Fowler, J. P., & Ardon, A. M.   (2002).  Diagnostic Drawing Series and dissociative disorders:  A Dutch study.  The Arts in Psychotherapy, 29(4), 221-230. 

Fowler, J. P., Cohen, B. M., & Mills, A.  (Manuscript submitted for publication).  Dimensions of dissociation in the Diagnostic Drawing Series. 

Gilroy, A.  (1992).  Research in art therapy.  In:  D. Waller & A. Gilroy, (Eds.), Art therapy: A handbook (pp. 229-247).  Buckingham:  Open University Press.

GULBRO-LEAVITT,  C., & Schimmel, B.  (1991).  Brief report:  Assessing depression in children and adolescents using the Diagnostic Drawing Series modified for children (DDS-C).  The Arts in Psychotherapy, 18(4), 353-356.

Hacking, S., Foreman, D., & Belcher, J.  (1996).  The Descriptive Assessment for Psychiatric Art:  A new way of quantifying paintings by psychiatric patients.  Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 184(7), 425-430. 

HEITMAJER, O. A., & Cohen, B. M.  (Speakers).  (1993).  MPD and the DDS:  A Dutch replication study.  In:  B. G. Braun, (Ed.), Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Multiple Personality/ Dissociative States.  Chicago:  Rush Hospital.  Audiotape:  Audio Transcripts, Alexandria, VA. 

Heijtmajer, O., & Fowler, J.  (1998).  The use of the Diagnostic Drawing Series in the identification of dissociative disorders, clinical pactice and research findings.  Meeting of the International Society for the Study of Dissociation, England.  

ICHIKI, Y., Naito, A., & Kanai, N.  (2005).  The Diagnostic Drawing Series—Drawing in different paper size:  The future application of the Diagnostic Drawing Series in Japan [Japanese with English summary].  Japanese Bulletin of Art Therapy, 36(1, 2), 65 – 72.

International Society for the Study of Dissociation.  (2005).  Guidelines for treating Dissociative Identity Disorder in Adults.  Journal of Trauma & Dissociation, 6(4), 69-149.   

Johnson, K.  (1997).  (Speaker).  Choosing an art therapy assessment:  The Diagnostic Drawing Series in clinical practice (Cassette Recording No. 38).  Denver, CO:  National Audio Video, Inc.

Johnson, K. M.  (2004).  The use of the Diagnostic Drawing Series in the diagnosis of bipolar disorder.  (Doctoral dissertation, Seattle Pacific University).         

Julliard, K., & Van Den Heuvel, G.  (1997).  (Speakers).  A treasure for art therapy:  Suzanne K. Langer, art and mind (Cassette Recording No.  124-74).  Denver, CO:  National Audio Video.

KESSLER, K.  (1994).  A study of the Diagnostic Drawing Series with eating disordered patients.  Art Therapy, 11(2), 116-118.

Cheyne-King, S. E.  (1990).  Effects of brain injury on visual perception and art production.  The Arts in Psychotherapy, 17, 69-74. 

Kress, T.  (Speaker).  (1992).  The Diagnostic Drawing Series and multiple personality disorder:  A validation study (Cassette No. 55).  Denver, CO:  National Audio Video.   

Leavitt, C. G.  (1988).  A validity study of the Diagnostic Drawing Series as used for assessing depression in children and adolescents.  (Doctoral dissertation, California School of Professional Psychology, Los Angeles).

Levitt, C. E.  (2005).  Color and depression in the Diagnostic Drawing Series.  Unpublished master's thesis, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia. 

McHugh, C.  (1997).  A comparative study of structural aspects of drawings between individuals diagnosed with major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder in the manic phase.  Unpublished master's thesis, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia. 

Milligan, L.  (1997).  A barbed wire garden:  Art therapy in a maximum security prison for adolescents.  In D. Gussak & E. Virshup (Eds.), Drawing time:  Art therapy in prisons and other correctional settings (pp. 175-186).  Chicago:  Magnolia Street. 

Mills, A.  (Speaker).  (1988).  The Diagnostic Drawing Series:  The borderline personality disorder sample (Cassette Recording No. W327-39).  Garden Grove, CA:  Infomedix.

Mills, A.  (1989).  A statistical study of the formal aspects of the Diagnostic Drawing Series of Borderline Personality disordered patients, and its context in contemporary Art Therapy.  Unpublished master's thesis, Concordia University, Montreal.

Mills, A.  (1994).  The DDS Style Guide.  (Available from B. M. Cohen, P.O. Box 9853, Alexandria, Virginia, USA  22304). 

Mills, A.  (1995).  Outpatient art therapy with multiple personality disorder:  A survey of current practice.  Art Therapy, 12(4), 253-256.

Mills, A.  (1995).  A practical review and integration of all Diagnostic Drawing Series research findings (Cassette Recording No. 58-154).  Denver, CO:  National Audio Video.

MILLS, A., & Cohen, B. M.  (1993).  Facilitating the identification of multiple personality disorder through art:  The Diagnostic Drawing Series.  In E. Kluft (Ed.), Expressive and functional therapies in the treatment of multiple personality disorder.  Springfield:  Charles C Thomas.

Mills, A., & Cohen, B. M.  (2001).  How do normal people draw?  (Cassette Recording No. 1023).  Denver, CO:  National Audio Video. 

MILLS, A., Cohen, B. M., & Meneses, J. Z.  (1993).  Reliability and validity tests of the Diagnostic Drawing Series.  The Arts in Psychotherapy, 20 (1), 83-88.

Mills, A., Ford, A., Stroh, A., & Blyler, B.  (2006).  The Diagnostic Drawing Series:  The Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Sample. American Art Therapy Association, New Orleans, LA.    

Mills, A., & Goodwin, R.  (1991).  An informal survey of assessment use in child art therapy.  Art Therapy, 8(2), 10-13.

Mills, A., Goodwin, R., & Yamashita, Y.  (1992).  Art assessments used with children by art therapists in North America [Japanese].  Studies in Clinical Application of Drawings, VII (September).

Mills, A., & Yamashita, Y.  (1996).  (Speakers).  The Diagnostic Drawing Series in Japan (Cassette Recording No. 51).  Denver, CO:  National Audio Video.

Mitchell, C.  (1995).  The Diagnostic Drawing Series:  Research with male inmates incarcerated for murder.  Unpublished Master's thesis, College of Notre Dame, Belmont, CA.

Morf, M.  (2007).  The study of the Diagnostic Drawing Series (DDS) as an assessment for college students.  Paper prepared for Springfield College.

MORRIS, M. B.  (1995).  The Diagnostic Drawing Series and the Tree Rating Scale:  An isomorphic representation of multiple personality disorder, major depression, and schizophrenia populations.  Art Therapy, 12(2), pp. 118-128.

Mullis, M., Mills, A., & Blyler, D.  (2006).  Diagnostic Drawing Series:  Substance abuse sample analysis. Presented at the annual national conference of the American Art Therapy Association, New Orleans, LA.

Neale, E. L.  (1991).  The Children's Diagnostic Drawing Series.  Unpublished master's thesis, University of Louisville, KY.

NEALE, E. L.  (1994).  The Children's Diagnostic Drawing Series.  Art Therapy, 11(2), 119-126.

Neale, E. L., & Rosal, M. L.  (1993).  What can art therapists learn from the research on projective drawing techniques for children?  A review of the literature.  The Arts in Psychotherapy, 20(1), 37-50.

Oster, G. D., & Montgomery, S. S. (1996).  Clinical uses of drawings.  Northvale, NJ:  Jason Aronson.

RANKIN, A.  (1994).  Tree drawings and trauma indicators:  A comparison of past research with current findings from the Diagnostic Drawing Series.  Art Therapy, 11(2), 127-130.

Ricca, D.  (1992).  Utilizing the Diagnostic Drawing Series as a tool in differentiating a diagnosis between multiple personality disorder and schizophrenia.  Unpublished master's thesis, Hahnemann University, Philadelphia.    

Shlagman, H.  (1996).  The Diagnostic Drawing Series:  A comparison of psychiatric inpatient adolescents in crisis with non-hospitalized youth.  Unpublished master's thesis, The College of Notre Dame, Belmont, California.

Sobol, B., & Cox, C. T.  (Speakers).  (1992).  Art and childhood dissociation:  Research with sexually abused children (Cassette No. 59).  Denver, CO:  National Audio Video.

Sundaram, R., Dudley, A., & McClain, G.  (Speakers).  (1999).  Using the Diagnostic Drawing Series (DDS-C) with older siblings of hearing-impaired children (Cassette Recording No. 1046).  Denver, CO:  National Audio Video. 

Teneycke, T.  (1998).  Eating disorders and affective disorders:  Is there a connection?  A study involving the Diagnostic Drawing Series.  Bachelor's thesis prepared for the Psychology Department, University of Regina, Canada. 

Teneycke, T., Ranaldi, A., Luff, C., Ringgold, N., Whitsitt, L., & Hoshino, J.  (2001).  Opening boundaries through integrative therapies:  Exploring body image through art and yoga.  Poster session, American Art Therapy Association, Albuquerque, NM. 

Toebast, S., & van Haandel, J.  (2006).  DDS and antisocial personality disorder: A study of specific signs of anti-social personality disorder [Dutch].  Paper prepared for HAN University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. 

TURKINGTON, C.  (1985).  Therapist seeks correlation between diagnosis, drawings.  APA Monitor, 16(4), 34-36.

Wade, C., & Tavris, C.  (1st and 2nd editions, 1987 & 1990).  Psychology, p. 604.  New York:  Harper & Row.

Wadeson, H.  (Ed.).  (1992).  A guide to conducting art therapy research.  Mundelein, IL:  American Art Therapy Association.

Wallace, P.  (1993).  Art therapy with dissociative disorder patients.  In E. Virshup (Ed.), California art therapy trends (pp. 117-128).  Chicago:  Magnolia Street Publishers. 

Wheeler, C., Harris, C., Mills, A., & Blyler, D.  (2006).  The Diagnostic Drawing Series:  A sample of people with eating disorders.  Presented at the annual national conference of the American Art Therapy Association, New Orleans, LA.

WOODWARD, S.  (1998).  Usefulness of the Child Diagnostic Drawing Series within the child witness to domestic violence population.  Canadian Art Therapy Journal, 12(1), 11-33.

Yahnke, L.  (2000).  The Diagnostic Drawing Series as an assessment for children who have witnessed marital violence.  Doctoral dissertation, Minnesota School of Professional Psychology, Minneapolis, MN.

Yamashita, Y.  (Speaker).  (1989).  Analysis of Japanese general psychiatric population, in The Diagnostic Drawing Series:  Its use in clinical practice.  Unpublished paper presented as part of preconference course, American Art Therapy Association national conference.  Taught by B. M. Cohen, A. Mills, C. T. Cox, J. N. Creekmore, C. Leavitt, and Y. Yamashita.  San Francisco, CA.